P. Pragnère will study how former combatants or leaders of paramilitary organizations have become peacemakers, and how they have become an example locally and beyond the boundaries of the territory of their action. Irish “peacemakers” have exported their experience to many parts of the world, from Iraq to Palestine, and have benefited from external lessons; the case of Irish envoys to the Basque Country will show that peacemaking can also be a strategic move towards political gains. This paper will analyze transnational peacemaking exchanges in terms of political costs and benefits; it will then assess to what extent such experiments secure political stability and prevent a return to violence.